Key Takeaways
- 10Base-T1S is a new Ethernet standard facilitating a 10Mbit/s connection over a single twisted pair, supporting up to 8 nodes.
- The Open Alliance promotes T1S adoption by defining usage scenarios, management approaches, and interoperability standards.
- MACsec is implemented for network security in T1S applications, enhancing data integrity and preventing unauthorized access.
Overview of 10Base-T1S Standard
10Base-T1S, introduced with the IEEE 802.3cg-2019 specification, is a novel standard that enables low-cost, single-pair Ethernet connections. Operating at 10Mbit/s, it connects various edge nodes—such as sensors and actuators—to a head node like an MCU or gateway through a multi-drop bus of up to 25 meters. With half-duplex operation, it can accommodate up to eight nodes, offering an alternative to traditional CAN protocols.
The shift to T1S supports the evolving need for “All Ethernet” architectures in automotive and industrial applications. It streamlines the edge by reducing the number of necessary interfaces and simplifying control protocols. Initially, T1S will integrate into new devices while existing CAN-based solutions will continue to coexist temporarily.
Adoption Strategies for T1S
The industry is exploring multiple strategies for adopting T1S. Key approaches include:
1. Integrating T1S PHY with MII, allowing for seamless incorporation into current systems.
2. Utilizing a MAC-PHY, designed for cost-efficient applications, where data transmission happens through an SPI interface.
3. Incorporating T1S features into SoC designs, which minimizes external component requirements and reduces overall costs.
Products supporting the OA3p specification will be prioritized, enabling a competitive edge for manufacturers.
Edge Nodes and Remote Control Protocol
A significant hurdle to wider T1S adoption lies in developing cost-effective and standardized edge nodes, which handle various control tasks remotely. These nodes essentially act as “reversed MAC-PHYs,” interpreting commands from T1S into basic control signals.
The Open Alliance’s TC18 group is currently working on the Remote Control Protocol (RCP) to facilitate smoother transitions to zonal architectures for in-vehicle networks. As this protocol evolves, vendors may introduce proprietary alternatives to meet market demands swiftly.
Network Security for T1S
Given that T1S physical wires are often placed in accessible environments, securing the data transmitted is paramount. IEEE802.1AE MACsec has been adopted as the security protocol for T1S networks. Initially, MACsec will focus on access controls to prevent unauthorized access, with advanced features including data confidentiality planned for future implementations.
The Open Alliance’s TC17 is working to tailor MACsec implementations to meet the specific behavior and performance constraints of the automotive environment. Two new specifications have been released, focusing on real-time management of secure connections and minimum feature requirements for switched automotive Ethernet.
Future of 10Base-T1S
10Base-T1S is projected to revolutionize the integration of Ethernet protocols in various sectors, promoting unified architectures across automotive, industrial, and aerospace applications. The last several years have seen a surge in vendor interest, yielding a range of compatible PHYs and MAC-PHYs. The Open Alliance continues to prioritize cost reductions while enhancing the MACsec profiles to ensure robust, automotive-grade performance.
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