China Unveils New Nuclear Submarine Amid Shipbuilding Surge

Key Takeaways

A new class of nuclear-powered attack submarine, Type 09V or Type 095, has been spotted at Bohai Shipyard, expected to launch within a year.
The submarine’s design incorporates advanced features and aims to strengthen the capabilities of the People’s Liberation Army Navy (PLAN).
China is rapidly expanding its submarine fleet, launching three new submarines annually, which is more than the U.S. pace.

New Developments in China’s Submarine Technology

A new class of nuclear-powered attack submarine, designated Type 09V (or Type 095), has emerged at the Bohai Shipyard in Huludao, China. Captured in high-resolution satellite images, this partially constructed submarine is anticipated to launch in the next year. Its submerged displacement is estimated between 9,000 and 10,000 tons, marking a significant step in the modernization of the People’s Liberation Army Navy (PLAN).

Rick Joe, a specialist in Chinese military affairs, provided insights into China’s contemporary submarine fleet, noting the existence of one to two original Type 091 submarines, alongside two Type 09III, four Type 09IIIA, and two to three Type 09IIIB submarines currently in service. Another five to six Type 09IIIB submarines are in various stages of sea trials or fitting. This expansion reflects China’s aggressive increase in submarine production, which sees three new submarines introduced annually, outpacing the United States, which only builds 1.1 to 1.3 per year.

The Type 09V is wider than previous classes, measuring about 40 feet, and features several innovations such as X-shaped rudders and a pumpjet propulsor intended to enhance speed and maneuverability. Uniquely, it may utilize a single or hybrid hull design, departing from the traditional double hulls of its predecessors. With an estimated length of 360 feet and a universal vertical launch system (VLS) comprising around eight cells, the Type 09V could potentially house multiple missiles per cell.

Though the operational debut of the Type 09V may be delayed until 2029 after extensive testing, China typically builds two prototypes of a new submarine type before mass production to address any emerging issues. This may also extend the construction timeline for the Type 09IIIB, potentially into the early 2030s.

While the U.S. Navy currently maintains an edge in submarine technology and anti-submarine warfare, the development of the Type 09V illustrates China’s commitment to narrowing this gap. The Bohai Shipyard possesses adequate capacity, with assembly halls capable of constructing up to 20 SSN-sized submarines concurrently.

Moreover, the Type 09V might be equipped with advanced weapon systems, including the hypersonic YJ-19 missile, designed for use with submarine torpedo tubes. This missile was introduced during China’s military parade in September 2025 and is expected to significantly enhance the anti-surface strike capabilities of PLAN submarines. The PLAN has already integrated the YJ-19 into its Type 039B conventional submarines, making China the first nation to deploy hypersonic weapons on diesel-electric submarines.

In conclusion, China’s submarine development underscores its strategic military expansion, seeking to bolster its navy with advanced vessels and weaponry in a rapidly evolving defense landscape.

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