Key Takeaways
- ESA and ATMOS Space Cargo have completed a study for Phoenix 3, a reusable spacecraft for microgravity experiments.
- The spacecraft will be able to carry over 1000 kg of payloads and return safely to Earth after missions in low Earth orbit.
- The project emphasizes sustainability and aims to improve European industrial capabilities in space exploration.
Overview of the Phoenix 3 Project
Engineers from the European Space Agency (ESA) have collaborated with industry partner ATMOS Space Cargo to assess the feasibility of Phoenix 3, a reusable spacecraft that aims to facilitate microgravity experiments and safely return them to Earth. This study took place at ESA’s Concurrent Design Facility (CDF) in the Netherlands, allowing experts from various engineering disciplines to collaboratively evaluate the spacecraft’s design.
The study focused on a reference scenario where Phoenix 3 would be launched into low Earth orbit, approximately 350 km above the Earth. During its mission, the spacecraft is intended to support commercial microgravity manufacturing, conduct scientific experiments, and demonstrate new technologies in space. After a planned period of several months to one year in orbit, the spacecraft would execute a controlled deorbiting process, reentering the atmosphere for a safe recovery and refurbishment for future launches.
A key feature of the Phoenix 3 design is the incorporation of a service module that provides propulsion and power. The spacecraft also includes a pressurized cabin that creates an Earth-like atmosphere, capable of carrying scientific and commercial payloads exceeding 1000 kg. While the current design serves as a foundational reference, adjustments can be made in the next phase to optimize performance and functionality.
The study leveraged innovative technology, specifically an inflatable decelerator, to enhance the spacecraft’s reentry process. Jeffrey Hendrikse, Chief Technology Officer of ATMOS, emphasized that this technology will enable safe atmospheric reentry and allow for efficient communications with customers in orbit. The CDF study also identified various technical trade-offs and risks that will need to be addressed moving forward.
The collaboration aims not only to enhance the efficiency of space missions but also to underscore the importance of sustainability in space operations. By developing reusable vehicles, the study addresses the growing need for circularity in orbit, aiming to minimize the environmental impact of space activities. The project aligns with ESA’s commitment to boost European industrial competitiveness by providing necessary technical support.
Marta Oliveira, COO of ATMOS, highlighted the advantages of the CDF’s concurrent approach, which allowed specialists from different fields to identify crucial dependencies and streamline the design process. This collaborative effort is part of ESA’s Third Party Activity initiative, which facilitates partnerships between startups and larger enterprises to foster innovation in the aerospace sector.
As the project transitions into Phase A, ATMOS will concentrate on refining the aerodynamics, stability, and thermal design of Phoenix 3, alongside improving guidance systems for enhanced landing accuracy. The initiative represents a forward-thinking approach to European space exploration, promoting both industrial growth and environmental responsibility in developing advanced space technologies.
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